Risk Factors and Early Survival Rate of Biomet 3i Dental Implants. A Retrospective Study

Introdouction: Although highly desirable outcomes and longterm survival of dental implant treatments are well documented, implant failures still occur due to various reasons. Several risk factors may impair implant survival including implant dimensions (length, diameter, and implant design), procedures, local bone density at the implant site, and patient-related risk factors such as age, smoking, and history of periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. Implant failures are classified as early (failure to establish osseointegration) and late (failure to maintain osseointegration) failures. This retrospective study evaluated the survival rates and the associated risk factors of dental implants. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort of 969 Biomet 3i dental implants from two private practices between 2008 and 2011 were evaluated. The implants were evaluated based on the following parameters: age and sex, smoking, and diameter and surface characteristics of implants. All the dental implants were from a single manufacturer, Biomet 3i (West Palm Beach, FL, USA) with two surface modifications including dual acid-etched with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (Nano- Tite) or acid-etched (OSSEOTITE). Results: Overall success and failure rates of Biomet 3i implants were 97.11% (n = 941) and 2.88% (n = 28), respectively. Among the risk factors, smoking significantly correlated with the increased failure rate of implants (p = 0.041). No significant relationship was observed between other risk factors and the survival rate of dental implants. Conclusion: The overall survival rate of Biomet 3i dental implants was considerably high. Smoking is a major risk factor that is positively correlated to the failure rate of dental implants. More prospective clinical trials are required to evaluate the exact effect of other risk factors on the implants.