Moyamoya Disease Mimicking Encephalitis

Authors

  • Abdolkarim Hamedi Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  • Maryam Khalesi Department of Pediatrics, Ghaem Medical Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  • Masoud Pezeshki Rad Departments of Radiology, Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  • Mohammad Hassan Aelami Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract:

Moyamoya disease is a rare vaso-occlusive illness with an unknown etiology characterized by stenosis of the internal carotid arteries with spontaneous development of a collateral vascular network.A 15-month-old girl was referred to the emergency ward of Imam Reza Hospital due to decreased level of consciousness, focal seizures and fever during the previous 24 hours with an impression of encephalitis. Physical examination revealed left side hemiparesis; however brain CT-Scan did not show any significant lesions. Initial therapy with vancomycin, ceftriaxone and acyclovir was administered. CSF analysis did not show any abnormality and the blood as well as CSF cultures results were negative. Brain MRI showed hyperintensity at right frontal and parietal regions, suggesting vascular lesion. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed bilaterally multiple torsions in vessels at the basal ganglia consistent with moyamoya vessels.In all children exhibiting encephalitis, vascular events such as moyamoya disease should be considered. Brain MRI is a critical tool for this purpose. Common causes of encephalitis such as herpes simplex should also be ruled out.

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Journal title

volume 39  issue 5

pages  487- 490

publication date 2014-09-01

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