Molecular Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Species among Soldiers with Dermal Ulcers in Zahedan, Iran

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world and Iran. This disease is important in military force and its prevention during peacetime and prediction during wartime is required. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of CL in soldiers with suspected skin lesions via parasitic and molecular techniques in the garrison of Sistan- Balouchistan Province, Southeast of Iran. Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, 145 soldiers with suspected skin lesions were examined. After obtaining the consent and filling the personal information form, samples were collected, then examined by microscopy and molecular techniques. Results: Totally, 91% of the lesions were positive for CL and the sensitivity of molecular technologies in the detection of leishmania is more than that of parasitic technique. The prevalence of Leishmania Tropica is 57%. Discussion and Conclusion: The prevalence of CL was high. The population of this study consisted of wounded soldiers with specific features. Furthermore, climate conditions of regions have changed recently. Thus, such unusual variables are indirect contributing factors of changes in the dispersion of contagious diseases like CL. The molecular technique had superiority in the detection of leishmania. Predominant species were Leishmania Tropica in this area.