Introducing ectoine as compatible solute: biosynthetic pathway, production and applications

Halomonas elongata Moderately Halophilic Eubacterium, for Ectoine as a Compatible Solute in a Characterization of Biosynthetic Enzymes

Characterization of biosynthetic enzymes for ectoine as a compatible solute in a moderately halophilic eubacterium, Halomonas elongata.

1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (ectoine) is an excellent osmoprotectant. The biosynthetic pathway of ectoine from aspartic beta-semialdehyde (ASA), in Halomonas elongata, was elucidated by purification and characterization of each enzyme involved. 2,4-Diaminobutyrate (DABA) aminotransferase catalyzed reversively the first step of the pathway, conversion of ASA to DABA b...

Continuous synthesis and excretion of the compatible solute ectoine by a transgenic, nonhalophilic bacterium.

The compatible solute 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (ectoine) acts in microorganisms as an osmotic counterweight against halostress and has attracted commercial attention as a protecting agent. Its production and application are restricted by the drawbacks of the discontinuous harvesting procedure involving salt shocks, which reduces volumetric yield, increases reactor...

Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.

By using natural-abundance (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis we have investigated the types of compatible solutes that are synthesized de novo in a variety of Bacillus species under high-osmolality growth conditions. Five different patterns of compatible solute production were found among the 13 Bacillus species we studied. ...

Synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Virgibacillus pantothenticus is triggered by high salinity and low growth temperature.

The quantification of the intracellular concentration of ectoine in Virgibacillus pantothenticus revealed that the production of this compatible solute is triggered either by an increase in the external salinity or by a reduction in the growth temperature. This finding reflects increased transcription of the ectoine biosynthetic operon (ectABC) under both environmental conditions.

Complex regulation of the synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043T.

The synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine, mediated by the ectABC gene products, is the main mechanism used by the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens to cope with osmotic stress. Evidence was found that this process is regulated at the transcriptional level. S1 protection analyses performed with RNA extracted from cells grown in minimal medium at low (0.75 M NaCl) or high (2....