HTLV1-Associated Myelopathy Tropical Spastic Paraparesis Mechanism from System Virology Approach

In summary, our present system virology is confirmed current hypothesis about HAM/TSP pathogenesis with more details. It seems that Immune-dysregulation especially different cytokines expression in ACs individuals has key role in develop to HAM/TSP. In the other hand, HTLV-1 is successive intracellular pathogens which advantage from human host for hosting, replication and expansion in the human host using viral proteins specially HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, Tax and HBZ and provoke inflammatory process for production of Immune-suppressive cytokines during long-time inflammation and induction of iTregs as reservoir sources; In addition, astrocytes gene expression patterns can help to this process via production of chemokines receptors for recruitment of CD4+ T cells into spinal cord. Moreover, clinical symptoms are appeared following constituted inflammation process. Therefore, targeting immune-cytokines and surface receptors could be as novel therapeutic option for HAM/TSP patients.