Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Sheep

Authors

  • Alireza Najafpour Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran.
  • Hadi Dadafarid Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Researches Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:

Objective- To evaluate the effects of bupivacaine (B), ketamine (K), and a combination of bupivacaine and ketamine (BK) after lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep.   Design- Experimental study.   Animals- Nine healthy male and non-pregnant female Iranian Chall sheep with mean body weight of 38.9 ± 15.1 kg.   Procedures- Animals were selected randomly and three treatments administered. The drugs were administered in the lumbosacral epidural space. The onset and duration of analgesia and sedation were determined and heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature, were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after administration. Analgesia was determined by lack of response to pin pricking and pinch test in the skin of caudal areas. Results- The onset of analgesia was significantly faster in BK than that in B and K alone. Treatments with ketamine, either alone (K) or in combination (BK) lead to mild sedation. The heart rate increased significantly with B treatment at 15 and 20 min, and the respiratory rate showed a significant decrease with K treatment at 10 and 15 min. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Epidural administration of bupivacaine/ketamine combination resulted in fast onset and moderate duration of analgesia of caudal areas. The employed doses in BK treatment probably reduced the side effects observed in B and K treatments. It is concluded that the combination of BK could be used epidurally in sheep to perform operations without any marked side effects.

Upgrade to premium to download articles

Sign up to access the full text

Already have an account?login

similar resources

[Preemptive analgesia with epidural bupivacaine and S(+)ketamine in abdominal hysterectomy.].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study investigates the ability of epidural S(+)ketamine, NMDA receptor antagonist, plus local anesthetic (bupivacaine) injection to promote preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy, when this solution is administered before surgical incision. METHODS Participated in this prospective double-blind study 30 patients were randomly ass...

full text

Ketamine for caudal analgesia in children: comparison with caudal bupivacaine.

Fifty children undergoing inguinal herniotomy were allocated randomly to three groups to receive a caudal injection of either 0.25% bupivacaine 1 ml kg-1 with or without ketamine 0.5 mg kg-1 or ketamine 0.5 mg kg-1 with normal saline 1 ml kg-1. There was no significant difference in quality of pain relief, postoperative behaviour or analgesic requirements between the ketamine group and the two ...

full text

The clinical effectiveness of epidural bupivacaine, bupivacaine with lidocaine, and bupivacaine with fentanyl for labor analgesia.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of bupivacaine alone and in combination with lidocaine or fentanyl for epidural analgesia during labor. DESIGN Randomized, single-blind study. SETTING Labor and delivery unit at a university medical center. PATIENTS Forty-five primiparas requesting epidural analgesia. INTERVENTIONS Following epidural placement at L3-4 interspace, patients received...

full text

Topical versus caudal ketamine/bupivacaine combination for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy

BACKGROUND Multiple studies claim that caudal administration of ketamine causes effective postoperative analgesia. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of ketamine after caudal or topical administration in pediatric patients undergoing inguinal herniotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This randomized, comparative, double-blind study included eighty children (aged 6 months to...

full text

Lumbosacral epidural magnesium prolongs ketamine analgesia in conscious sheep.

PURPOSE To determine the analgesic, motor, sedation and systemic effects of lumbosacral epidural magnesium sulphate added to ketamine in the sheep. METHODS Six healthy adult male mixed-breed sheep; weighing 43 ± 5 kg and aged 20-36 months. Each sheep underwent three treatments, at least 2 weeks apart, via epidural injection: (1) ketamine (KE; 2.5 mg/kg), (2) magnesium sulphate (MG; 100 mg), a...

full text

Epidural ketamine for postoperative analgesia.

·T WO factors have increased interest in ketamine for postoperative analgesia. The first was the discovery of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and its role in central pain processing and spinal cord neural plasticity.1 Ketamine is one of two clinically useful NMDA receptor antagonists available (the other is dextromethorphan). Ketarnine binds non-competitively to the PCI, (phencyclidine...

full text

My Resources

Save resource for easier access later

Save to my library Already added to my library

{@ msg_add @}


Journal title

volume 03  issue 1

pages  19- 27

publication date 2008-03-01

By following a journal you will be notified via email when a new issue of this journal is published.

Hosted on Doprax cloud platform doprax.com

copyright © 2015-2023