Bacterial isolation and antibiotic resistance of nosocomial pneumonia in hospitalaized patients - Kashan, Iran

Introduction: Bacterial pneumonia occurs in most hospitalized patients where is the important cause of morbidity and mortality. To reduce the mortality rate, we aimed to isolate the bacterial agents of pneumonia and determine the antibacterial resistance. Methods: In this descriptive study, 330 hospitalized patients inffered from bacterial pneumonia were studied to identify the bacterial agents of pneumoniae and determine the antibacterial resistant pattern by disk diffusion using Kirby-Bauer method. Medical records demographic data were gathered by check list. The data were analyzed by Chi–Square test. Results: 220 (66.6%) were male and 110 (33.4%) were female. 163 (49.4%) had underlined disease. The most frequent pathogens were coagulase negative staphylococci (25%), S. aureus (19.2%), Pseudomonas spp. (19.2%), Klebsiella spp. (17.3%), Enterobacter spp. (13.5%) and Escherichi coli (5.8%). Coagulase negative staphylococci were resistant to cloxacillin (80.9%) and cefexim (76.9%). S. aureus was resistant to cefexim (100%) and oxacillin (81.8%). Pseudomonas spp. were resistant (100%) to cefazolin and cefexim and highly resistant to other antibiotics. Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli were respectively resistant to the most antibiotics tested. Conclusion: This study showed that resistance to antibiotics is increasing. Therefore the empirical use of antibiotics must be controlled and all isolated bacteria should be tested using antibacterial susceptibility tests before antibiotic therapy.