Assessing the Wound Healing Rate Using Ammonia Single-cell Eukaryote Extract and Silver Sulfadiazine Ointment in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes vascular wall damage and poor wound healing due to the excessive accumulation of glucose. Various investigations have been performed on increasing the diabetic wound healing rate. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ammonia single-cell eukaryote extract in Zinex ointment compared to silver sulfadiazine ointment on increasing the diabetic wound closure rate. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 54 BALB/c transgenic mice. For type 2 diabetes induction, the animals were fed a high-fat diet for two weeks and followed by a single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg) injection intraperitoneally. The excisional wound was created using the excisional wound splinting model and a biopsy punch. For diabetic wound treatment, 10% Ammonia extract in Zinex ointment and 1% silver sulfadiazine ointment were used every three days. Glucose and insulin serum levels were measured using a glucometer and an ELISA kit, respectively. Histopathological examinations were also performed using H&E methods. Results: Macroscopic observations indicated an increase in the wound closure rate in the Ammonia extract group compared to the other groups. Also, histopathological results showed a significantly decreased inflammation and increased re-epithelialization in the Ammonia extract treatment group compared to the silver sulfadiazine treatment and control groups.  Conclusion: The results showed that Ammonia extract in Zinex ointment could improve the closure rate and re-epithelialization in diabetic rat wounds through inflammation reduction.