AMMI Analysis of Wheat Substitution Lines for Detecting Genes Controlling Adaptability

To locate the genes controlling adaptability in bread wheat using AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) model, twenty-one substitution lines derived from the parents Chinese Spring (recipient) and Chayan (donor) were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three different environments in the Agricultural College of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. The results of AMMI analysis indicated significant differences among all sources of variation except AMMI2. AMMI1 explained that 84% of the variability related to genotype × environment interaction. The chromosomes 7A, 2B, 3A, 7D and 4B had the highest grain yield, and chromosomes 4D, 2A, 4A and 5A lowest. AMMI stability value (ASV) ranked chromosomes 5B > 3B > 3A > 6A as the most stable, and 2A > 4A > 7A as unstable. AMMI1 biplot analysis revealed that Chromosomes 3B, 5B and 5D had high stability and medium mean grain yield, whereas the chromosome with both low yield and stability were 2A, 4A, 5A and 4D. The chromosomes 3A, 4B, 7D followed by 2B, were identified as chromosomes with both high yield and stability performance in different environments. Chromosomes 2A and 4A with large AMMI1 score also showed specific adaptability with environment E2, chromosomes 5A and 4D with environment E3, while chromosome 7A with environment E1. The findings indicated that most of the genes controlling adaptability were located on chromosomes 3A in A genome, 4B and 2B in B genome and 7D in D genome, and also chromosomes 2A, 4A, 5A and 4D carried the genes controlling specific adaptability to water stress condition, while the genes responsible for adaptation to irrigated condition were located on chromosome 7A