Aging and Pension reform with Change contribution rates

Authors

Bahmani, Marzieh Al-Zahra University

Mousavi, Mir Hossein Mousavi Al-Zahra University

Raghfar, Hossein Al-Zahra University

Abstract:

Increased life expectancy and reduced fertility rates have led to aging which is one of the main causes of the pension funds imbalances in Iran’s pension funds. In order to resolve these imbalances, some reforms are required. The first option is to use parametric reforms, such as changing contribution rates of the pension system. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of aging and changes of contribution rates on macroeconomic variables. The model used in this research is the Overlapping Generations General Equilibrium Model with imperfect labor market. The findings indicate that aging leads to a reduction in the rate of interest (4%), an increase in labor demand and a drop in unemployment (3%) in the labor market. It also leads to an increase in the cost of the pension system (7%) as a percentage of GDP. With parametric reforms, including increase contribution rates, leads to the reduction of the pension system costs (2.5%), But young people have to pay more contribution than elder at the time of their employment, and intergenerational justice will suffer. With a reduction in the contribution rates, in the long run, saving increases (due to 7% reduction in interest rates) and consumption also will increase (1%), which will lead to improve intergenerational justice and economic growth.

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