یک بحث بنیادین در ریشه های انگیزش برای فعالیتهای مدیریت در جامعه اسلامی و نقد نظریه انگیزشی در دوران معاصر

As a rule, the management motives in the present world can be divided into three main types: Type one: The motives of natural factors which are crucial to the management of the natural life of people, such as food, clothing, housing, hygiene, education, and so on. This kind of motives is necessary for the whole society and is not specific to a particular society. Failure to provide for this kind of motives equals the disruption of social life. That is why all administrators base the foundations of their management on these motives. Type two: The ideal motives or the desired cultural, economic, legal and political aspirations, are considered secod only to the type one. Today, the provision of the maximum amounts of wealth, superiority means for people of a society is considered among type two that is to say, any administrator who could supply his people with more wealth, superiority and recreational means is considered more ideal and appropriate. Type three: The motives for a rational life, which is emphasized in Islam. This is the very "pure and clean life" which despite the restricted worldly life, brings the human personality to fruition. According to the holy verse of Koran: "Whosoever killeth a human being for other than manslaughter or corruption in the earth, it shall be as if he had killed all mankind, and who saved the life of one, it shall be as if he had saved the life of all mankind (The Table Spreas: 32), the social life takes on the following formula. Every one= one and one= every one. This being the case, the life of people would be channeled towards prosperity. With no doubt, the administrators have the most significant role in providing people with suitable social life. The rational life, which is created by the Islamic management will include all aspects of human life, such as religious, moral, legal, economic, political, military and cultural dimensions. Thus, the Islamic management will entail some kind of representation for the general mission it has at its disposal. It is evident that its management objectives should be in the direction of guidance, improvement, and well- informing of all citizens, groups and social institutes. This fact is made clear in the secred written command to Malik Ashtar by Imam Ali (May God Bless Him) for the management of Egypt: (1) the arrangement of economic affairs (2) the construction of cities (3) holy war against the foes of that society and (4) the improvement of people's welfare.