evaluation of immunopathologic effects of aqueous extract of echinacea purpurea in mice after experimental challenge with pasteurella multocida serotype a

in order to assess the immunopathological effects of aqueous echinacea purpurea extract (epe) on mice experimentally challenged with pasteurella multocida serotype a, forty female balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups. the groups included a control group (received sterile distilled water 2 times/week for 2 weeks, intraperitoneally and then 100 μl sterile saline intranasally), a pma group (received sterile distilled water as the control group and after 2 weeks, 5.6 × 103 cfu/ml of p. multocida serotype a, intranasally), an epe+pma group (received e. purpurea extract intraperitoneally 2 times/week for 2 weeks and then challenged as the pma group) and an epe group (received e. purpurea extract as epe+pma group and then 100 μl sterile saline intranasally). after 24 and 48 h post challenge, half of the animals in each group were sacrificed and analyzed for bacterial counts in their lungs and livers, tnfα serum levels and histapathological changes. the results showed significant differences in lung bacterial counts between pma and epe+pma groups. tnfα serum level was significantly higher in the pma group. histopathologicalexamination revealed infiltration of neutrophils in alveolar septa and hyperemia in the pma group. in addition, the criteria of bronchopneumonia were partially recovered in the epe+pma compared to the pma group. according to the results, it seems that e. purpurea extract has an immunomodulatory effect and can be used to prevent or control of pneumonia caused by pasteurella.