The substrate-binding protein imposes directionality on an electrochemical sodium gradient-driven TRAP transporter.

University of Groningen Amino Acid Transport in the Thermophilic Anaerobe Clostridium fervidus Is Driven by an Electrochemical Sodium Gradient

Crystal structures of an Extracytoplasmic Solute Receptor from a TRAP transporter in its open and closed forms reveal a helix-swapped dimer requiring a cation for alpha-keto acid binding

Background: The import of solutes into the bacterial cytoplasm involves several types of membrane transporters, which may be driven by ATP hydrolysis (ABC transporters) or by an ion or H+ electrochemical membrane potential, as in the tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic system (TRAP). In both the ABC and TRAP systems, a specific periplasmic protein from the ESR family (Extracytoplasmic Solute...

An anion binding site that regulates the glutamate transporter of synaptic vesicles.

Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian central nervous system, is stored in synaptic vesicles and released by exocytosis upon depolarization of the presynaptic nerve terminal. Synaptic vesicles possess an active glutamate-specific transporter that is driven by an electrochemical proton gradient across the vesicle membrane and requires chloride for maximal activity. In...

Functional reconstitution of SdcS, a Na+-coupled dicarboxylate carrier protein from Staphylococcus aureus.

In Staphylococcus aureus, the transport of dicarboxylates is mediated in part by the Na+-linked carrier protein SdcS. This transporter is a member of the divalent-anion/Na+ symporter (DASS) family, a group that includes the mammalian Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporters NaDC1 and NaDC3. In earlier work, we cloned and expressed SdcS in Escherichia coli and found it to have transport properties simil...

Porters and neurotransmitter transporters.

Uptake of neurotransmitters involves multiple transporters acting in different brain locations under different physiological conditions. The vesicular transporters are driven by a proton-motive force generated by a V-ATPase and their substrates are taken up via proton/substrate exchange. The plasma membrane transporters are driven by an electrochemical gradient of sodium generated by a Na+/K(+)...