Contemporary Echographic Characteristics in Diagnosis of Abnormal Placental Invasion

Abnormal placental invasion encompasses penetration of chorionic villi into the myometrium within the bounds of decidua basalis. All types of abnormal placentation (AP) make difficult the placental removal after delivery [1]. Predisposing factors of AP are: placenta praevia, implantation of a gestational sac in the isthmus, repeated cesarean sections and other uterine operations, recurrent miscarriage, chronic atrophic endometritis. It is more often in multiparous women, older than 35 [2-5]. There are 3 main types of AP, they are classified according to the depth of placental invasion. In placenta accreta chorionic villi are attached to the myometrium, without penetrating the uterine walls. PA is diagnosed during delivery. In this case no hysterectomy is needed [2]. Placenta increta and percreta are associated with the penetration into the myometrium, consequently it causes severe complications during C-section: massive haemorrhage and DIC syndrome, urether and bladder damaging, amniotic embolism, polyorganic insuffiency and death [2-6].