Osseointegration- Key Factors Affecting Its Success-An Overview

During the past two decades, dental implants have been used extensively to achieve osseointergration for prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulism. For this, a surgical procedure is performed on patient to insert a foreign material i.e implant into the bone, after which a poorly organized woven bone is formed at the interface, thus having a relatively low inherent strength. After a period of 3 to 6 months, woven bone is replaced by lamellar bone which possess adequate strength for load bearing. This bone healing process is known as osseointegration. This process of osseointegration depends not only on implant related factors such as material, shape, topography and surface chemistry but also mechanical loading, surgical technique and patient variables such as bone quality and quantity. There are many materials and techniques present today to increase the rate of clinical success of implants but the ultimate long-term success of an implant is dependent upon the efforts of both the patient and dentist in maintaining the health of the periimplant tissues. The purpose of this review is to enlight various factors that have significant affect on osseointegration