Baryons with Holography
نویسندگان
چکیده
Holography is a new concept of the superstring theory based on the duality between gauge and supergravity theories, proposed by Maldacena in 1997.1 The superstring theory with conformal and Lorentz invariance has ten-dimensional space-time to avoid anomalies. Its elemental degrees of freedom are one-dimensional open or closed strings. The fluctuation modes of these strings are expected to give the elementary particle degrees of freedom as in the standard model. One can also find a soliton of strings as the (p+1)-dimensional membrane composed by the condensed strings, called Dp-brane. 2 In particular, Dp-brane has two important aspects as follows. First, a (p+1)-dimensional gauge theory appears on Dp-brane. Here, an open string with the two edges on the Dp-brane has ten independent fluctuation modes; scalar fields Φi=(p+1)∼9 and the other vector-like fields Aμ=0∼p. Aμ=0∼p have an index μ on Dp-brane extending to (p+1)-dimensional space-time, and Aμ fields can be regarded as gauge fields on the Dp-brane. In this sense, (p+1)-dimensional gauge theory appears on Dp-brane. Second, {(p+1)+1}-dimensional supergravity appears around the Dp-brane. In fact, Dp-brane is found to be a strong gravitational system in ten-dimensional spacetime as a black hole or a black brane,2 giving nontrivial curvatures around it. Due to the geometrical symmetry, the angle coordinates around Dp-brane become trivial and can be integrated out in the action of Dp-brane. Then, there eventually
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