Viticulture, enology and marketing for cold-hardy grapes

Anthocyanins in grapes. Red wine color is incredibly complex. Any given wine is composed of hundreds of dynamic chemicals that are interacting and changing during the winemaking process. While evolution of color from purple-red to brick red in Vitis vinifera wines is familiar to both winemaking and scientific communities, the color of hybrid wines is less predictable, and often varies from the V. vinifera norm. So what is it that gives red wine its characteristic color, and what makes hybrid color wine so different from V. vinifera? The answer begins with the anthocyanins.