Parametric hybrid source models for voiced and voiceless fricative consonants

Source models for fricative consonants are derived based on aerodynamic principles of sound generation, in conjunction with vocal-tract models obtained from MRI data. Results indicate that a linear source-filter model is adequate for capturing essential spectral characteristics of sustained fricatives below 10 kHz. The hybrid source models employ a combination of acoustic monopole and dipole sources, and a voiced source in the case of the voiced fricatives. The number of sources, source locations and spectral characteristics are chosen based on an analysis-by-synthesis approach and are motivated by aeroacoustic theory. The resulting model is computationally efficient and can be readily used for synthesis.