Authors’ reply: A norovirus intervariant GII.4 recombinant in Victoria, Australia, June 2016: the next epidemic variant? Reflections and a note of caution
نویسندگان
چکیده
To the editor: We thank the authors of the letter to the editor for their interest in our report of the detection of a potential new epidemic strain of norovirus [1]. The authors express some doubt as to the validity of our claims of a possible new norovirus GII.4 variant, since the recombinant form (GII.4_NewOrleans_2009/GII.4_ Sydney_2012) has been reported previously in a number of instances, including by their own laboratory [2]. Nevertheless we stand by our proposal that a potential new epidemic strain of GII.4 norovirus has arisen, for the reasons outlined below.
منابع مشابه
A norovirus intervariant GII.4 recombinant in Victoria, Australia, June 2016: the next epidemic variant?
A norovirus recombinant GII.P4_NewOrleans_2009/GII.4_Sydney_2012 was first detected in Victoria, Australia, in August 2015 at low frequency, and then re-emerged in June 2016, having undergone genetic changes. Analysis of 14 years' surveillance data from Victoria suggests a typical delay of two to seven months between first detection of a new variant and occurrence of a subsequent epidemic linke...
متن کاملLetter to the editor: A norovirus intervariant GII.4 recombinant in Victoria, Australia, June 2016: the next epidemic variant? Reflections and a note of caution
To the editor: We wish to offer some cautionary remarks concerning the report by Bruggink et al. [1]. From an initial reading of the article, one could get the impression that the GII.P4_New_Orleans_2009_GII.4_ Sydney_2012 recombinant form has only been possibly detected once before this study [2] and has – due to indicated novelty – a yet unknown pandemic potential. However, the GII.P4_New_Orl...
متن کاملDetection and molecular characterization of the novel recombinant norovirus GII.P16-GII.4 Sydney in southeastern Brazil in 2016
Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups worldwide. Despite the high genetic diversity of noroviruses, most AGE outbreaks are caused by a single norovirus genotype: GII.4. Since 1995, several different variants of norovirus GII.4 have been associated with pandemics, with each variant circulating for 3 to 8 years. The Sydney_2012 variant was first report...
متن کاملA Multi-Site Study of Norovirus Molecular Epidemiology in Australia and New Zealand, 2013-2014
BACKGROUND Norovirus (NoV) is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis across all age groups. In particular, variants of genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII.4) have been associated with epidemics globally, occurring approximately every three years. The pandemic GII.4 variant, Sydney 2012, was first reported in early 2012 and soon became the predominant circulating NoV strain globally. Despite its bro...
متن کاملComplete Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of the Norovirus GII.4 Sydney Variant in South Korea
Norovirus is the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis in individuals of all ages. In Australia, a new strain of norovirus (GII.4) was identified in March 2012, and this strain has spread rapidly around the world. In August 2012, this new GII.4 strain was identified in patients in South Korea. Therefore, to examine the characteristics of the epidemic norovirus GII.4 2012 variant in South Korea...
متن کامل