Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Levels Are Lower in Hemodialysis Patients Treated With Paricalcitol

Introduction Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem. In the last decade, it has been shown that the early stages of chronic kidney disease are associated with an inflammatory condition involving an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and long-term mortality. In patients with chronic kidney disease and more specifically those on hemodialysis, cardiovascular events are the most common cause of death. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and may be an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis to identify factors that were associated with ADMA such as certain medications related to cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Results Patients who were treated with paricalcitol had significantly lower levels of ADMA (0.21 ± 0.19 μmol/l) compared with those not treated with paricalcitol (0.42 ± 0.35 μmol/l) (P = 0.00027). Dividing ADMA levels by quartiles, patients treated with paricalcitol were less likely to have very high level ADMA (P = 0.014), whereas there were no significant differences with other medications. Higher dose of paricalcitol was also related to lower levels of ADMA noting an inverse correlation (r = -0.36, P = 0.013). Discussion Hemodialysis patients treated with paricalcitol presented significantly decreased ADMA levels compared with those who did not receive this treatment. Possible beneficial effects in terms of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by paricalcitol and its association with ADMA and nitric oxide synthesis are unknown. Studies to confirm this effect and determine the underlying pathophysiological mechanism are necessary.