Effects of Snowdrop Lectin (Galanthus nivalis Agglutinin) Expressed in Transgenic Sugarcane on Fitness of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of the Nontarget Pest Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) is a parasitoid responsible for maintaining populations of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), below economic levels in south Texas sugarcane Þelds. Transgenic sugarcane expressing the snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, GNA) was developed against the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), the primary pest of south Texas sugarcane. The potential impact of GNA-expressing sugarcane on various biological and Þtness parameters ofCotesia flavipes (Cameron)was studied in the laboratory to gain insight on likely effects of the transgenic sugarcane on biological control of sugarcane borer by C. flavipes. Females of C. flavipes were offered sugarcane borer larvae fed one of two diet treatments for oviposition for two successive generations: (1) artiÞcial diet containing transgenic sugarcane tissue or (2) artiÞcial diet containing nontransgenic sugarcane tissue. Small to marginal negative effects of artiÞcial diet containing transgenic sugarcane tissuewere evident in the rate of host suitability, number of cocoons and adult parasitoids emerging per host, percentage cocoons yielding parasitoids, and sex ratio and adult lifespan of parasitoids. These effects were variable between the two parasitoid generations examined. In contrast, differences were not detected between diet treatments in rates of host acceptance, egg load of females, and egg to adult developmental periods. The negative effects of transgenic sugarcane on C. flavipes detected in this study are important because GNA levels in the diet ( 0.49% of total protein content) containing transgenic sugarcane tissue were 50% of the level expressed in transgenic sugarcane plants. Results are discussed in relation to potential impacts of the transgenic cultivar on biological control of sugarcane borer by C. flavipes.