Lipase-catalyzed Glycerolysis of Sardine Oil in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Media
نویسندگان
چکیده
There is an increasing interest in the production of monoglycerides (MAG) and diglycerides (DAG) rich in omega-3, such as DHA (C22:6n-3) and EPA (C20:5n-3). MAG offer several health benefits over the most commercialized ethyl esters. These partial acylglycerols can be produced by enzymatic glycerolysis reaction, often carried out in organic solvents. This work reports a lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of sardine oil in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as solvent medium. The use of SC-CO2 offers some unique advantages. The lack of solvent residues and an atmosphere free of oxygen can help to keep the stability of the omega-3, which are very prone to oxidation. For this purpose both reactants, sardine oil and glycerol, were emulsified to improve their contact since they are completely immiscible. This microemulsion was placed in the reactor with a commercial immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Lipozyme 435) as biocatalyst. The experiments were conducted in a batch mode keeping constant the enzyme concentration at 5 wt% (by weight of substrates) and agitation of 800 rpm. The pressure and temperature were varied in the range 12.5 – 25.0 MPa and 40 – 80oC, respectively. The oxidative status of the final reaction products, as peroxide and anisidine values, was evaluated. MAG yields and the oxidation stability of the reaction products were compared with those obtained in solvent-free system and in tert-pentanol media. Results showed that lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis in SC-CO2 might be a potential route to conventional methods, as high contents of MAG and DAG (65-70%), were achieved at mild temperature and pressure conditions (50oC and 150 bar) with glycerol to oil molar ratio of 3:1 and showing considerably less oxidation that without SC-CO2.
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