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چکیده
Selectable marker genes are vital to the research and development of genetically modified (GM) crops. The methods used to introduce foreign DNA in a plant cell, either by microinjection, particle gun, electroporation or Agrobacterium, are relatively inefficient. Pinpointing cells that successfully incorporated foreign DNA in an ocean of nontransformed cells is akin to finding a needle in a haystack. To find transgenic cells, a marker gene is co-introduced with the gene of interest. These dominant genes confer resistance to antibiotics, such as hygromycin (hpt) and kanamycin (nptII), and herbicides, such as phosphinothricin (bar) and chlorosulfuron (als), that kill non-transformed cells. However, antibiotic and herbicide resistance marker genes may not be required in mature plants, especially when they are cultivated in fields.
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