Microbial Contamination in the Sediments and Groundwater of Tuticorin Corporation, South India Using Gis

Objective: The present study investigates the diversity, and distribution of harmful microbes in sediments and groundwater of Tuticorin Corporation. The faecal pollution indicators such as, Total coliform bacteria, Faecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Faecal streptococci were investigated in the sediments and groundwater samples from 12 locations in the study area. Methods: Groundwater and sediment samples were analyzed for total coliform bacteria (TC), faecal coliform bacteria (FC), E. coli (EC) and faecal streptococci (FS). Fecal and total coliform counts were performed using the standard membrane filtration technique. Results: The results reveal that the sediments and groundwater samples were contaminated with Total coliform bacteria, Faecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Faecal streptococci bacteria in Thirespuram, Fishing old Harbour, Iniko Nagar, Mappillaiurani Beach and Annanagar. This is due to the mixing of industrial and domestic sewage through the Buckle channel and fishing activities in the study area. The spatial maps presented in the study clearly depicted the bacterial contamination pattern in the study area. The samples near to coastal areas are prone to microbial contaminations which indicate that the source of the contamination is due to anthropogenic pressure in the study area. Conclusion: The proper installation of sewage treatment plant, draining of treated industrial effluence and creation of public awareness about the coilform bacteria pollutants are the solutions to protect the groundwater aquifers and also the sediments.