Coastal upwelling in summer 2000 in the northeastern South China Sea

[1] Using a combination of hydrographic, tide-gauge, near-bottom mooring, and satellite observations; and a numerical circulation model, we investigate the coastal upwelling in the northeastern South China Sea (NSCS) off the coast of Fujian and Guangdong Provinces, China, in the summer of 2000. Subsurface upwelling phenomenon exists mainly near the bottom boundary in the whole region investigated. It is closely related to the coastal sea level fluctuations, which are evidently modulated by both the local wind-forcing and the large-scale circulation. The northeastward interior flow following the bathymetry is accelerated by the drop of coastal sea level and leads to onshore transport and subsequent cooling in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) over the shelf west of Shantou. To the east of Shantou, the near-bottom flow veers more eastward, parallel to the coastline, and transports the nearshore cold water mass farther to the southern Fujian coast. The cross-shelf advected cold water does not always penetrate through the stratification and reach the surface. The local wind exhibits considerable synoptic variability. The decrease in sea surface temperature (SST) is mostly significant near Dongshan-Shantou, intermittent in time and intensifies preferably during weather events that bring southwesterly alongshore wind. To the west a freshwater tongue originating from the Pearl River forms a barrier layer, which results in high surface temperature in the freshwater plume. The observational evidences and modeled results shown in this study provide important information for further understanding the ecological effects associated with the upwelling processes in the NSCS.