PLM_44_Ch06 199..226

نویسنده

  • Collin Green
چکیده

A fundamental aspect of human intelligence is the ability to represent and reason relations. Examples of relational thinking include our ability to appreciate analogies between diVerent objects or events (Gentner, 1983; Holyoak & Thagard, 1995); our ability to apply abstract rules in novel situations (e.g., Smith, Langston, & Nisbett, 1992); our ability to understand and learn language (e.g., Kim, Pinker, Prince, & Prasada, 1991); our ability to learn and use categories (Ross, 1987); and even our ability to appreciate perceptual similarities (e.g., Palmer, 1978; Goldstone, Medin, & Gentner, 1991; Hummel, 2000a; Hummel & Stankiewicz, 1996a). Relational inferences and generalizations are so commonplace that it is tempting to assume that the psychological mechanisms underlying them are relatively simple; but this would be a mistake. The capacity to form and manipulate explicit relational (i.e., symbolic) representations appears to be a late evolutionary development (Robin & Holyoak, 1994), closely tied to the substantial increase in the size and complexity of the frontal cortex in the brains of higher primates, most notably humans (Stuss & Benson, 1987). AU1

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تاریخ انتشار 2003