Interlayer Bond Formation in Black Phosphorus at High Pressure

Black phosphorus was compressed at room temperature across the A17, A7 and simple-cubic phases up to 30 GPa, using a diamond anvil cell and He as pressure transmitting medium. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction showed the persistence of two previously unreported peaks related to the A7 structure in the pressure range of the simple-cubic phase. The Rietveld refinement of the data demonstrates the occurrence of a two-step mechanism for the A7 to simple-cubic phase transition, indicating the existence of an intermediate pseudo simple-cubic structure. From a chemical point of view this study represents a deep insight on the mechanism of interlayer bond formation during the transformation from the layered A7 to the non-layered simple-cubic phase of phosphorus, opening new perspectives for the design, synthesis and stabilization of phosphorene-based systems. As superconductivity is concerned, a new experimental evidence to explain the anomalous pressure behavior of Tc in phosphorus below 30 GPa is provided.