Song-type sharing in a population of Song Sparrows in the eastern United States

نویسندگان

  • William A. Searcy
  • Kendra B. Sewall
  • Jill Soha
  • Stephen Nowicki
  • Susan Peters
چکیده

Male Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) sometimes interact with neighboring territory owners by song-type matching or repertoire matching. In some Song Sparrow populations, levels of song sharing are high and most neighbors can interact by matching, but levels of song sharing are much lower in other populations, limiting the degree to which males can match their neighbors. One explanation for variation in sharing levels is that the importance of song-type and repertoire matching, and therefore the extent of song sharing, varies geographically in North America, being greater in western populations than eastern populations. However, to date, two studies of eastern populations have provided conflicting evidence concerning levels of song sharing by Song Sparrows. Thus, we measured sharing of whole songs and introductory phrases of songs between males with adjacent territories in another population of Song Sparrows in the eastern United States (North Carolina), near the eastern and southern limits of the species’ breeding range. Males (N = 17) in our study shared an average of only 8.7% of their song types with neighbors, and more than half of neighbor pairs shared no whole songs. Sharing of introductory phrases was more common (mean = 22.8%). The level of whole song sharing in our study is the second lowest yet reported for any Song Sparrow population, supporting the hypothesis that sharing is generally lower in eastern than in western populations. RESUMEN. Tipo de canto compartido en una población de Melospiza melodia en la parte este de los Estados Unidos Los machos del Gorrión melódico (Melospiza melodia) en ocasiones interaccionan con los dueños de territorios vecinos, pareando la canción tipo o el repertorio. En algunas poblaciones del gorrión, el nivel de canciones compartidas es alto y muchos vecinos pueden interactuar pareando el mismo, pero en otras poblaciones, el nivel de canciones compartidas es mucho menor, limitando el grado de pareo del canto de sus vecinos. Una explicación para la variabilidad en el nivel de compartir es que la importancia del tipo de canto, pareo del repertorio, y por ende la extensión de compartir las vocalizaciones, varı́a geográficamente en Norte América, siendo mayor en las poblaciones del oeste que en las del este del continente. Sin embargo, al presente, dos estudios de poblaciones del este han provisto evidencia conflictiva sobre los niveles del compartir del canto en el Gorrión melódico. Por ende, medimos el compartir de canciones completas y de frases de introducción entre machos de territorios adyacentes en otra población del este, en Carolina del Norte, cerca del ĺımite este y sur del área de reproductiva geográfica de esta especie. Los machos (N = 17) en nuestra área de estudio tan solo compartieron un promedio del 8.7% de su canto con los vecinos, y más de la mitad de los vecinos, no compartieron nada de la canción. El compartir las frases introductorias resultó más común (promedio = 22.8%). El nivel de compartir la canción completa, es el segundo más bajo informado para población alguna del Gorrión melódico, lo que apoya la hipótesis, de que el compartir del canto, por lo general, es más bajo en las poblaciones del este que en las del oeste.

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تاریخ انتشار 2014