Song-type sharing in a population of Song Sparrows in the eastern United States
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چکیده
Male Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) sometimes interact with neighboring territory owners by song-type matching or repertoire matching. In some Song Sparrow populations, levels of song sharing are high and most neighbors can interact by matching, but levels of song sharing are much lower in other populations, limiting the degree to which males can match their neighbors. One explanation for variation in sharing levels is that the importance of song-type and repertoire matching, and therefore the extent of song sharing, varies geographically in North America, being greater in western populations than eastern populations. However, to date, two studies of eastern populations have provided conflicting evidence concerning levels of song sharing by Song Sparrows. Thus, we measured sharing of whole songs and introductory phrases of songs between males with adjacent territories in another population of Song Sparrows in the eastern United States (North Carolina), near the eastern and southern limits of the species’ breeding range. Males (N = 17) in our study shared an average of only 8.7% of their song types with neighbors, and more than half of neighbor pairs shared no whole songs. Sharing of introductory phrases was more common (mean = 22.8%). The level of whole song sharing in our study is the second lowest yet reported for any Song Sparrow population, supporting the hypothesis that sharing is generally lower in eastern than in western populations. RESUMEN. Tipo de canto compartido en una población de Melospiza melodia en la parte este de los Estados Unidos Los machos del Gorrión melódico (Melospiza melodia) en ocasiones interaccionan con los dueños de territorios vecinos, pareando la canción tipo o el repertorio. En algunas poblaciones del gorrión, el nivel de canciones compartidas es alto y muchos vecinos pueden interactuar pareando el mismo, pero en otras poblaciones, el nivel de canciones compartidas es mucho menor, limitando el grado de pareo del canto de sus vecinos. Una explicación para la variabilidad en el nivel de compartir es que la importancia del tipo de canto, pareo del repertorio, y por ende la extensión de compartir las vocalizaciones, varı́a geográficamente en Norte América, siendo mayor en las poblaciones del oeste que en las del este del continente. Sin embargo, al presente, dos estudios de poblaciones del este han provisto evidencia conflictiva sobre los niveles del compartir del canto en el Gorrión melódico. Por ende, medimos el compartir de canciones completas y de frases de introducción entre machos de territorios adyacentes en otra población del este, en Carolina del Norte, cerca del ĺımite este y sur del área de reproductiva geográfica de esta especie. Los machos (N = 17) en nuestra área de estudio tan solo compartieron un promedio del 8.7% de su canto con los vecinos, y más de la mitad de los vecinos, no compartieron nada de la canción. El compartir las frases introductorias resultó más común (promedio = 22.8%). El nivel de compartir la canción completa, es el segundo más bajo informado para población alguna del Gorrión melódico, lo que apoya la hipótesis, de que el compartir del canto, por lo general, es más bajo en las poblaciones del este que en las del oeste.
منابع مشابه
A test for repertoire matching in eastern song sparrows
Repertoire matching occurs when one songbird replies to another with a song type that the two birds share. Repertoire matching has previously been demonstrated to occur at well above chance levels in a western population of song sparrows, where it is hypothesized to serve as a low level threat in a hierarchy of aggressive signals. Here we test for repertoire matching in an eastern population of...
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One hypothesis for the function of vocal repertoires in songbirds is that singing multiple song types facilitates song matching, a behaviour in which one male replies to a rival’s song with a song of the same type. In eastern populations of song sparrows, low levels of whole song sharing restrict opportunities for matching of entire song types. A male in this population might still match a neig...
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Song-matching has been hypothesized to be a signal of aggressive intentions whereby matching an opponent signals that the singer is likely to attack. Theory predicts that an aggressive signal should impose a cost that enforces the signal’s reliability. A receiver-dependent cost imposed by the matched bird’s aggressive retaliation has been proposed for song-matching. We tested for such a cost fo...
متن کاملTesting the function of song-matching in birds: responses of eastern male song sparrows <i>Melospiza melodia</i> to partial song-matching
Song-matching has been hypothesized to be a signal of aggressive intentions whereby matching an opponent signals that the singer is likely to attack. Theory predicts that an aggressive signal should impose a cost that enforces the signal’s reliability. A receiver-dependent cost imposed by the matched bird’s aggressive retaliation has been proposed for song-matching. We tested for such a cost fo...
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Song repertoires may be a product of sexual selection and several studies have reported correlations of repertoire size and reproductive success in male songbirds. This hypothesis and the reported correlations, however, are not sufficient to explain the observation that most species have small song repertoire sizes (usually fewer than 10, often fewer than five song types). We examined a second ...
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