Emotional, behavioral and social difficulties among high-IQ children during the preschool period: Results of the EDEN mother-child cohort

Article history: Received 12 December 2015 Received in revised form 4 February 2016 Accepted 5 February 2016 Available online xxxx Rationale: High intelligence may be associated with emotional, behavioral and social difficulties. However, this hypothesis is supported by little compelling, population-based evidence, and no study has been conducted during the preschool period with a population-based sample. Method:Children (N=1100) from the EDENmother–child cohortwere assessed at the age of 5–6 years. Behavioral, emotional and social problems (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems and prosocial behavior) were measured using the parent-rated Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ). IQ scores were based on the WPPSI-III at 5–6 years. Relevant covariates for children's cognitive development were also collected. Results: We found no significant differences in SDQ scores between gifted children (N= 23; Full Scale IQ N 130) and children with Full Scale IQ in the normal range (N = 1058 ≥ 70 and ≤130), except a marginally significant association between high-IQ and emotional difficulties at 5–6 years. Further sensitivity analyses did not support the association between high-IQ and emotional difficulties. Discussion:During the preschool period, gifted children do not seem tomanifestmore behavioral, emotional and social problems than children with normal IQ. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.