Phase II Drug Metabolism
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Altered Drug Metabolism and Transport in Pathophysiological Conditions
Drug metabolism can either lead to detoxification, bio-inactivation and/or elimination of the drug from the body. Metabolism can be broadly categorized into phases I and II. Phase I drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) primarily comprise of the Cytochrome (CYP) 450 family of enzymes. CYP3A4 is the most common isoform expressed in human liver and intestine accounting for ~30-60% of CYPs (Nebert & Ru...
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Both metabolism and excretion can be viewed as processes responsible for elimination of drug (parent and metabolite) from the body. Drug metabolism changes the chemical structure of a drug to produce a drug metabolite, which is frequently but not universally less pharmacologically active. Metabolism also renders the drug compound more water soluble and therefore more easily excreted. Drug metab...
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The past 50 years have witnessed a monumental advance in our understanding of pharmacodynamics (what drugs do to the body) and pharmacokinetics (what the body does to drugs). In the realm of pharmacokinetics, dozens of enzymes responsible for drug biotransformation and transporters responsible for the absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs have been identified. Drug biotransformation (...
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Orally delivered small-molecule therapeutics are metabolized in the liver and intestine by phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), and transport proteins coordinate drug influx (phase 0) and drug/drug-metabolite efflux (phase III). Genes involved in drug metabolism and disposition are induced by xenobiotic-activated nuclear receptors (NRs), i.e. PXR (pregnane X receptor) and CAR ...
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