No evidence for the uptake of Cry1Ab Bt-endotoxins by the generalist predator Scarites subterraneus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in laboratory and field experiments

Many generalist predators are abundant in transgenic crops but the uptake of Bt-endotoxins could affect their role in biological control. We tested the hypothesis that small, but detectable, quantities of Cry1Ab-Bt-endotoxin would flow along the corn /slug /carabid food chain but concentrations would be small and have no effect on carabid fecundity. In addition to controlled laboratory feeding trials, it was predicted that elevated concentrations of Bt-endotoxin would be found in field-collected gut-samples of Scarites subterraneus from transgenic corn due to predation on Bt-containing prey. Despite the uptake of Bt-endotoxins by the slug Deroceras laeve , the hypothesis that movement occurred throughout the corn /slug /carabid food chain was rejected. No Bt-endotoxins were found in laboratory or field-collected Scarites . This explained the insignificant differences in egg production between carabids exposed to Bt-containing versus non-Bt-containing prey. However, laboratory and field analyses with other predators are required to identify trophic linkages through which Bt-endotoxins flow.