The Subjunctive in That Complements
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چکیده
In this section we consider the distribution of the subjunctive and the indicative moods in English complement clauses and argue that the observed patterns can mostly be explained on semantic grounds. Traditional grammarians have long noticed that the opposition between the indicative and the subjunctive mood is semantic, each grammatical form being suitable in a coherent class of contexts. For example, Curme (1931) opposed the two moods as representing the mood of fact (= the indicative) vs. the mood of a mere conception of the mind (= the subjunctive). More recently, a widespread semantic account (cf. Farkas (1985), Boskovič (1997)) a.o) claims that the indicative is the mood of realis contexts, whereas the subjunctive is the mood of irrealis contexts. These dichotomies express very similar intuitions. In this section, we attempt to give more substance to these oppositions, as manifest in English, while also trying to explain why, even if it is true that the indicative and the subjunctive moods have their own "meaning", their use varies to a certain extent from language to language, for languages that have at least partly distinct forms for these categories.
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