Hypnosis and Placebos: Response Expectancy as a Mediator of Suggestion Effects

نویسنده

  • Irving Kirsch
چکیده

Titulo: Hipnosis y placebos: la expectativa de respuesta como mediador de los efectos de la sugestión Resumen: En este artículo se revisan datos que sugieren que los efectos de la hipnosis y de los placebos comparten un mismo mecanismo: la expectativa de respuesta. Los placebos y los procedimientos hipnóticos tienen efectos terapéuticos porque modifican las expectativas de los clientes. Se conciben ambos como ejemplos del fenómeno más amplio de la sugestión. Otras variables pueden jugar un papel importante en la respuesta a las sugestiones, pero aún falta por saber si afectan a dichas respuestas a través de una modificación de las expectativas o tienen un impacto directo sobre las respuestas. Se discuten también los efectos negativos de la utilización de la idea del trance en la terapia. Palabras clave: Hipnosis, placebo, sugestión, expectativa de respuesta Abstract: In this paper, data are reviewed indicating that hypnotic and placebo effects share a common mechanism: response expectancy. Placebos and hypnotic procedures may have therapeutic effects because they change the client's expectations. Both placebo and hypnosis are viewed as instances of the broader phenomenon of suggestion. While other variables may play important roles in the response to suggestions, it remains to be known whether they affect responses by changing expectations or have a direct impact on them. The potential disdvantages of using the idea of trance in therapy are also discussed.

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تاریخ انتشار 2015