Understanding how honey bee flight and senescence are connected through oxidative stress
نویسندگان
چکیده
...................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 1.1: Purpose..............................................................................................................1 1.2: Oxidative stress and senescence ......................................................................2 1.3: The honey bee model system ............................................................................7 1.4: Life history theory and the honey bee ..............................................................8 1.5: Senescence in the honey bee ...........................................................................10 1.6: Summary and objectives .................................................................................13 CHAPTER 2: EFFECTS OF FLIGHT ACTIVITY AND AGE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE HONEY BEE, APIS MELLIFERA ......................................................16 2.1: Introduction .....................................................................................................16 2.2: Methods ..........................................................................................................19 2.3: Results .............................................................................................................29 2.4: Discussion .......................................................................................................40 2.5: Conclusions .....................................................................................................49 CHAPTER 3: PARAQUAT AS A MODEL OF FLIGHT-INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE ..........................................................................................................................51 3.1: Introduction .....................................................................................................51 3.2: Methods .........................................................................................................53 3.3: Results .............................................................................................................59 3.4: Discussion .......................................................................................................67 CHAPTER 4: EFFECTS OF FLIGHT ON GENE EXPRESSION AND AGING IN THE HONEY BEE BRAIN AND FLIGHT MUSCLE..................................72 4.1: Introduction .....................................................................................................72 4.2: Methods .........................................................................................................75 4.3: Results and discussion ....................................................................................83 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS ...................................101 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................111 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................117 VITA ................................................................................................................................134
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