Terrestrial Animals
نویسنده
چکیده
Pollutants matter because of their biologicaleffects, and the type and magnitude of these effects depend on the degreeof exposure that individualorganismsreceive. Terrestrial animals will be used to illustrate four related themes: the intake, distribution, and loss of pollutants by organisms;the causes of death; the effects of sublethal exposures; and the effects on populations. Most of the examples come from insects, birds, and mammals, and refer to the effects of insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and metals, but the ideas that these examples illustrate should apply to a much wider range of habitats, organisms,and pollutants. Some aspects of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems, especially the effects of organochlorines on avian reproduction, have recently been reviewed by Stickel (1975).
منابع مشابه
Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of bone collagen from marine and terrestrial animals
The stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios of bone collagen prepared from more than 100 animals representing 66 species of birds, fish, and mammals are presented. The b15N values of bone collagen from animals that fed exclusively in the marine environment are, on average, 9% more positive than those from animals that fed exclusively in the terrestrial environment; ranges for the two groups o...
متن کاملTerrestrial Rabies and Human Postexposure Prophylaxis, New York, USA
During 1993-2002, cats accounted for 2.7% of rabid terrestrial animals in New York but for one third of human exposure incidents and treatments. Nonbite exposures and animals of undetermined rabies status accounted for 54% and 56%, respectively, of persons receiving rabies treatments.
متن کاملRelating ranging ecology, limb length, and locomotor economy in terrestrial animals.
Ecomorphological analyses have identified a number of important evolutionary trends in vertebrate limb design, but the relationships between daily travel distance, locomotor ecology, and limb length in terrestrial animals remain poorly understood. In this paper I model the net rate of energy intake as a function of foraging efficiency, and thus of locomotor economy; improved economy leads to gr...
متن کاملEffective limb length and the scaling of locomotor cost in terrestrial animals.
Relative to body size, smaller animals use more energy to travel a given distance than larger animals, but the anatomical variable driving this negative allometry remains the subject of debate. Here, I report a simple inverse relationship between effective limb length (i.e. hip height) and the energy cost of transport (COT; J kg(-1) m(-1)) for terrestrial animals. Using published data for a div...
متن کاملThe energetic cost of limbless locomotion.
The net energetic cost of terrestrial locomotion by the snake Coluber constrictor, moving by lateral undulation, is equivalent to the net energetic cost of running by limbed animals (arthropods, lizards, birds, and mammals) of similar size. In contrast to lateral undulation and limbed locomotion, concertina locomotion by Coluber is more energetically expensive. The findings do not support the w...
متن کاملDo terrestrial animals avoid areas close to turbines in functioning wind farms in agricultural landscapes?
Most studies on the effects of wind energy on animals have focused on avian and bat activity, habitat use, and mortality, whereas very few have been published on terrestrial, non-volant wildlife. In this paper, we studied the utilization of functioning wind farm areas by four terrestrial animals common to agricultural landscapes: European roe deer, European hare, red fox, and the common pheasan...
متن کامل