Presentations , re - presentations and learning
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper is an argument to the effect that a certain view about mental representing, together with some very liberal constraints on the brain as a dynamic system, entails that the organism will tend to form adaptive mental representations of its environment. To show this, it will first be argued that although mental representing is a common thing indeed, representationalism, in the most important sense of that term (indirect representationalism), is false. Three different views about pictorial thinking (mental imagery, intuitive representing) are then contrasted, two of which are tied to this brand of representationalism and one of which is not. The latter view, versions of which have sometimes been presented as ”simulation” theories of imagery, is here generalised to cover all kinds of mental representation. Two models of the brain are then presented in which learning of adaptive representations follows from this theory together with certain biologically plausible constraints. 1. Mental representing and mental representations 1.1 Representationalism Cognitive psychologists, and some philosophers, not seldom use the phrase ”to mentally represent a thing (or a fact)” as a generic verb for being in an intentional state with that same thing or fact as an intentional object. In this sense, it is not controversial that human beings often mentally represent things and facts. There are however three commonly held theses about mental representing which are much less obviously true, and which have indeed often been contested. The first one stems from Brentano and says that every mental phenomenon involves mental representing, or intentionality. The second one, which is not seldom (probably more often than the first) referred to as ”representationalism”, states that all intentional phenomena (all cases of mental representing) involves mental representations. The different meanings of this thesis and the main reason why a certain
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