J Comp Physiol A (1994) 175:695-708
نویسنده
چکیده
We quantitatively analysed compensatory head reactions of flies to imposed body rotations in yaw, pitch and roll and characterized the haltere as a sense organ for maintaining equilibrium. During constant velocity rotation, the head first moves to compensate retinal slip and then attains a plateau excursion (Fig. 3). Below 500/s, initial head velocity as well as final excursion depend linearily on stimulus velocities for all three axes. Head saccades occur rarely and are synchronous to wing beat saccades (Fig. 5). They are interpreted as spontaneous actions superposed to the compensatory reaction and are thus not resetting movements like the fast phase ol `vestibulo-ocular' nystagmus in vertebrates. In addition to subjecting the flies to actual body rotations we developed a method to mimick rotational stimuli by subjecting the body of a flying fly to vibrations (1 to 200 μm, 13C to 150 Hz), which were coupled on line to the fly's haltere beat. The reactions to simulated Coriolis forces, mimicking a rotation with constant velocity, are qualitatively and to a large extent also quantitatively identical tc the reactions to real rotations (Figs. 3, 7-9). Response, to rolland pitch stimuli are co-axial. During yaw stimulation (halteres and visual) the head performs both a yam and a roll reaction (Fig. 3e,f), thus reacting not co-axial This is not due to mechanical constraints of the neck articulation, but rather it is interpreted as an `advance compensation' of a banked body position during free flight yaw turns (Fig. 10).
منابع مشابه
Hepatic microsomal glucose transport.
1 Turk, E., Zabel, B., Mundlos, S., Dyer, J. and Wright, E. M. (1991) Nature (London) 350, 354-356 2 Hopfer, U. (1987) in Physiology of Gastro-Intestinal Tract (Johnson, L. R., eds.), 2nd edn., pp. 14991526, Raven Press, New York, NY 3 Semenza, G., Kessler, M., Hosang, M. and Schmidt, U. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 779,343-379 4 Wright, E. M., Hirayama, B., Hazama, A., Loo, D. D. F., Suppliss...
متن کاملFurther Studies Concerning Stomatal Diffusion 1 , 2 Irwin P . Ting
19. OVERSTREET, R. AND L. JACOBSON. 1952. Mechanism of ion absorption by roots. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 3: 189-206. 20. ROTHSTEIN, A. 1959. Role of the cell membrane in the metabolism of inorganic electrolytes. Bacteriol. Rev. 23: 175-97. 21. ScoTT, G. T. 1944. Cation exchange in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 23: 47-58. 22. Scowr, G. T. 1943. The mineral composition of Chlorel...
متن کاملFurther Studies Concerning Stomatal Diffusion 1 , 2 Irwin
19. OVERSTREET, R. AND L. JACOBSON. 1952. Mechanism of ion absorption by roots. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 3: 189-206. 20. ROTHSTEIN, A. 1959. Role of the cell membrane in the metabolism of inorganic electrolytes. Bacteriol. Rev. 23: 175-97. 21. ScoTT, G. T. 1944. Cation exchange in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 23: 47-58. 22. Scowr, G. T. 1943. The mineral composition of Chlorel...
متن کاملGravitational Effects on Blood Pressure: a Brief Overview
application to circulation of the giraffe head. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 256: R567–R571, 1989. 11. Hicks JW and Badeer HS. Gravity and the circulation: “open” vs. “closed” systems. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 262: R725– R732, 1992. 12. Hill L and Bernard H. The influence of the force of gravity on the circulation. Part II. J Physiol (Lond) 21: 328–352, 1897. 13. Lillywh...
متن کامل