Non-familial Alzheimer's disease is mainly due to genetic factors.
نویسندگان
چکیده
This team takes the position that what is commonly referred to as non-familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) is predominantly due to genetic factors. Population-based studies suggest that genetic factors cause the majority of cases that begin after age 60. There are several lines of evidence supporting this position: Data from the Nun Study suggest that the risk for AD is largely established by early adulthood, implying that later adult exposures likely play only a small role in causation. Family studies show that first-degree blood relatives of persons with non-familial AD have a substantially increased risk of AD relative to controls. Twin studies suggest that the heritability of AD exceeds 60%. Environmental factors, such as socioeconomic status, education, and head injury, are strong risk factors for AD only in individuals with a genetic predisposition. The APOE genotype is a powerful risk factor for AD and accounts for as much as 50%. There are numerous other candidate genes with strong associations with AD that presumably explain the remaining population risk. This paper further reviews the mechanisms associated with AD causation for APOE and other candidate genes and implications for the development of prevention strategies.
منابع مشابه
The role of genetics in alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes the brain to shrink (atrophy) and brain cells die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and causes a decrease in thinking skills and social behaviors. Alzheimer's disease is more common in people over 65 years old. The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia increases with age,...
متن کاملCan oral infection be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a scourge of longevity that will drain enormous resources from public health budgets in the future. Currently, there is no diagnostic biomarker and/or treatment for this most common form of dementia in humans. AD can be of early familial-onset or sporadic with a late-onset. Apart from the two main hallmarks, amyloid-beta and neurofibrillary tangles, inflammation is a...
متن کاملRole of microRNA as a biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease
Introduction: MicroRNAs are small, non-coding, and protected RNA molecules that regulate gene expression after transcription by mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein synthesis. The function of these molecules is critical to many cellular processes, including growth, development, differentiation, homeostasis, apoptosis, aging, stress resistance. In addition, some diseases including cancer, a...
متن کاملGenetics of familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder. A majority of cases manifest as a late onset sporadic form but genetically the disease is divided into familial cases and sporadic cases. The familial form is due to mutations in three major genes (amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, presenilin1 (PSEN1) gene and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene). In contrast, many gen...
متن کاملThe recent development in synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of small molecule to treat Alzheimer's diseases: A review
Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline. A neurodegenerative type of dementia, the disease starts mild and gets progressively worse. Like all types of dementia, Alzheimer's is caused by brain cell death. The most common presentation marking Alzheimer's dementia is where symptoms of memory loss are the most promine...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
دوره 4 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2002