MOLECULAR AND PATHOGENIC VARIABILITY OF Drechslera ISOLATES FROM OATS
نویسنده
چکیده
Severe epidemics of leaf blotch and black leaf spot of oat (Avena sativa) caused by Drechslera avenae and Drechslera sp., respectively, are frequently observed in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Although some morphological differences between the isolates causing two different symptoms were noticed, the genetic relationship between them was not clear. Twenty-four isolates of D. avenae and Drechslera sp, collected between 1996-98, were assessed for the genetic variability by molecular and pathogenic analyses. The amplification products using primer pair ITS4/ITS5 showed a fragment length of approximately 600 bp for all the isolates except for one black spot isolate, where the fragment length was approximately 550 bp. Restriction enzymes Hinf I and Taq I, that cut in the ITS region, produced similar restriction patterns for all the isolates, whereas four others produced variable restriction patterns. RAPD analysis also showed distinctive patterns for some isolates. No clear difference between the black spot and the leaf blotch isolates was observed either by the molecular or by the pathogenicity analysis. Nonetheless, the rDNA analysis suggests that Drechslera probably comprises at least three distinct taxa. The results indicate that the difference observed between the isolates originating from two types of symptoms is due to intra-specific variants of D. avenae. Key-words: Pyrenophora avenae, Avena sativa, molecular characterization, varietal resistance. RESUMO Variabilidade molecular e patogênica de isolados de Drechslera de aveia Epifitias severas de helmintosporiose e da mancha preta da aveia (Avena sativa) causadas por Drechslera avenae e Drechslera sp., respectivamente, foram frequentemente observadas no Estado do Paraná, Brazil. Embora algumas diferenças morfológicas entre os isolados causando os dois tipos de sintomas tenham sido verificadas, a relação genética entre eles não estava clara. Vinte e quatro isolados monospóricos de D. avenae e Drechslera sp. coletados durante 1996-98, foram analisados através de ensaios patogênicos e moleculares. Os produtos de amplificação utilizando par de primer ITS4/ITS5 demonstraram tamanho de fragmento aproximadamente de 600 pb para todos os isolados com excessão de um isolado da mancha preta onde o tamanho do fragmento era aproximadamente de 550 pb. Enzimas de restrição Hinf I e Taq I, que cortaram na região de ITS, produziram padrões de restrição similares, enquanto que outros quatro produziram padrão variável de restrição. A análise de RAPD também demonstrou padrões distintivos para alguns isolados. Diferença clara entre os isolados de mancha preta e helmintosporiose não foi encontrada tanto pelos ensaios patogênicos como também pelos ensaios moleculares. Entretanto, a análise de rDNA sugere que o Drechslera provavelmente engloba pelo menos três taxas distintas. Os resultados demonstram que as diferenças entre os isolados originários de dois tipos de sintomas são devidos aos variantes intra-específicos de D. avenae.
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