An Overview on Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Pharmaceutical Suspension

Aim: The aim of this study was to write review on stability studies of extemporaneous preparations. Materials and methods: Different methods are used for checking stability studies, depending on the nature of the preparations, like visual inspection, pH checking, different temperature storage, and HPLC. Results: It was found that the stability concern with the pharmaceutical suspensions includes the variation in both physical and chemical properties. Therefore, it is most important that formulator must ensure the efficacy of the formulation throughout the shelf life period. In this review article, method used for stability checking is valid and up to mark, so patient can use these extemporaneous preparations according to recommended period of time. Conclusion: We can conclude of our Stress studies that these suspensions cannot be stored over long period of time (average 90-120 days); but they are stable below 120 days (depending on the preparation) so we can have used these preparations because there is no stability issue if used in within recommended time-period, undeniably extemporaneously prepared suspensions can be a helpful for pediatric, geriatric and unconscious patients in drug dosing. *Corresponding author: Naveed S, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan, Tel: +0092-03002621917; Fax: +0092-36440171; E-mail: [email protected] Received Jan 21, 2017; Accepted June 09, 2017; Published June 19, 2017 Citation: Naveed S, Akhtar F, Khan S (2017) An Overview on Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Pharmaceutical Suspension. J Bioequiv Availab 9: 452-454. doi: 10.4172/jbb.1000343 Copyright: © 2017 Naveed S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Naveed S, Akhtar F, Khan S (2017) An Overview on Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Pharmaceutical Suspension. J Bioequiv Availab 9: 452-454. doi: 10.4172/jbb.1000343 J Bioequiv Availab, an open access journal ISSN: 0975-0851 Volume 9(4): 452-454 (2017) 453 are extemporaneously prepared and to be dispensed to those patients which are unable to take oral dosage forms such as pediatric or geriatric patients. Stability of extemporaneously prepared suspensions are critically analyzed not only its microbial integrity but also the choice of ingredients which do not interact with the active pharmaceutical agent [5]. Here we discuss some extemporaneously prepared suspensions and their respective stability studies. Aim of study: The aim of this study was to write review on stability studies of extemporaneous preparations. Here we example different preparation that was extemporaneous prepared and observe that either stability studies of these preparations are up to the mark and they are stable for recommended time-period. Materials and Methods In this review article, we used different material and method for different suspension stability checking. Like for Cyclophosamide suspension used HPLC for its chemical, microbial and stability studies. For Sinitinib suspension that is prepared by capsules, stability study was conducted by under refrigeration (4°C) and at room temperature. For Rufinamide oral suspension, this suspension was placed in ambered plastic bottles in room temperature for 90 days. After 90 days, the sample was analyzed using HPLC. For Clozapine suspension with different suspending mediums was stored at 23°C for 63 days. Samples were taken after 63 days and analyzed using R-HPLC technique. For oral suspension of Lanzoprazole and Omeprazole, the suspensions of both drugs were stored in amber colored plastic oral syringes. These syringes were stored at 2 different temperatures i.e., 22°C and 4°C for 60 days. After 60 days sample were analyzed by HPLC method. For Moxifloxacin Oral suspension, this suspension was stored in amber plastic bottles at room temperature. Samples were analyzed with different time interval up to 90 days HPLC technique. For Celecoxib oral suspension, the suspension was stored at any of these two temperatures i.e., 5°C or 23°C in polyvinyl chloride bottles for 93 days. After 93 days Sample was analyzed at different time intervals by using HPLC. For Propylthiouracil suspension was stored at two different temperatures i.e., 4°C and 25°C up to 91 days. After 91 days, the suspension was analyzed. For Gylcopyrolate suspension was stored at 23-25°C and analyzed at different time interval using HPLC. Flavor, microbial and visual inspection was also done. For Amlodipine besylate suspension was stored in plastic dispensing bottles at 4°C and 25°C. The samples were examined using HPLC at different time interval up to 91 days. For Lisinopril suspension was prepared and analyzed up to 6 weeks at 25°C. For tiagabine hydrochloride suspensions were stored at 4°C and 25°C. The formulations were stored up to 91 days and the samples were analyzed by HPLC. Spironoloactone suspension stored in amber glass bottles at 4°C and 2°C for three months. The samples were withdrawn at different time-period and analyzed by HPLC. Lamotrigine suspensions were stored at 4°C and 25°C. These Samples were collected at different duration of time and analyzed in terms of physical and chemical inspection. Terbinafine suspension was stored in amber polyethylene bottle and examined at 4°C and 25°C for 90 days. Results The results of all extemporaneous preparation which we used for review are as follows: Cyclophosphamide suspension Kennedy, R. extemporaneously prepared an oral suspension of cyclophosphamide in aqueous and methyl-cellulose based medium (Ora-Plus) and analyzed its chemical, microbial and physical stability studies for 56 days at the temperature of 4°C and 22°C using HPLC-UV method. The results found satisfied for both simple syrup and in Oraplus concluding the shelf life of the prepared suspensions 8 and 3 days, respectively [6]. Sinitinib suspension prepared by capsules Another anti-cancerous drug Sunitinib was extemporaneously prepared from capsules and his associates as no pediatric preparations was commercially available and studied its stability under refrigeration (4°C) and at room temperature. The result showed the satisfied outcome at both the temperature. The study was conducted for 60 days and both physically and chemically, no changes were found in the formulation [7]. Rufinamide oral suspension Successfully prepared an antiepileptic drug Rufinamide which was unavailable in liquid dosage form for treatment of generalized seizures. Using 400 mg tablet an extemporaneous suspension was prepared in both sugar and non-sugar (sugar free) in 60 ml of Ora-plus and Orasweet used for sugar containing suspensions. For sugar, free Ora-sweet SF was used. In ambered plastic bottles the suspension was placed in room temperature for 90 days. The sample was analyzed using HPLC at different time interval (14, 28, 56, and 90 days). Results revealed that the drug showed up to 90% stability at 90th day in both the preparations and there were significant physical or chemical changes were observed neither any microbial growth was detected [8]. Clozapine suspension with different suspending mediums 6 different suspending vehicles was used to prepare 6 clozapine suspensions including Ora-plus, Ora-sweet, simple syrup, vehicle used by hospital for sick children, Guy’s pediatric mixture and 1:1 ratio of Ora-plus and Ora-sweet. 100 ml of suspension was prepared containing 20 mg/ml clozapine, stored at 23°C for 63 days. Samples were taken at 0, 3, 6, 14, 28 and 63 days and analyzed using R-HPLC technique. Almost 95% was remained unchanged at 63th day despite the consequences of suspending vehicle [9]. Preparation of oral suspension of Lanzoprazole and Omeprazole Using the contents of lanzoprazole and omeprazole capsules, extemporaneous suspensions was prepared using 8.4% sodium bicarbonate as a suspending medium having concentration of 3 and 2 mg/ml respectively. The suspensions of both drugs were stored in amber colored plastic oral syringes. The syringes were stored at 2 different temperatures i.e., 22°C and 4°C for 60 days. The samples were taken from syringes at different time interval and were analyzed by HPLC method. The results revealed that at ambient temperature Omeprazole and lanzoprazole showed less stability (14 days and 8 h respectively) as compare to refrigerated storage condition (14 days) [10]. Moxifloxacin oral suspension A 20 mg/ml oral suspension of moxifloxacin was prepared using 400 mg and 30 ml of Ora-Plus and Ora-plus sweet/SF. The suspension was stored in amber plastic bottles at room temperature. Samples were analyzed with different time interval up to 90 days HPLC technique. More than 90% of the drug was retained up to 90 days and there was no significant physically nor chemically was change observed in the preparation [11]. Citation: Naveed S, Akhtar F, Khan S (2017) An Overview on Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Pharmaceutical Suspension. J Bioequiv Availab 9: 452-454. doi: 10.4172/jbb.1000343 J Bioequiv Availab, an open access journal ISSN: 0975-0851 Volume 9(4): 452-454 (2017) 454 Celecoxib oral suspension A 10 mg/ml Celecoxib suspension was prepared using single capsule using flavoring agent and Ora-blend as a suspending vehicle. The preparation was stored at either 5°C or 23°C in Polyvinyl Chloride bottles (PVC) for 93 days. Sample was analyzed by HPLC at different time intervals. Results revealed a 3-month expiry of the prepared suspension can be safely set up in either any of case of temperature. No physical neither chemical changes were observed during the analyzing period [12]. Gylcopyrolate suspension Glycopyrolate is used to treat peptic ulcers. Using 1 mg tablet, 30 tablets was ground to prepare 0.5 mg/ml extemporaneous suspension using Ora-plus and Ora-sweet or Ora-sweet SF as a suspending agent. The prepared suspension was stored at 23-25°C and analyzed at 0,7,15,30,60 and 90 days at HPLC. Flavor, microbial and visual inspection was also done and results showed the 95% of the drug concentration was retained at 90-day [13]. Amlodipine besylate suspension An extemporaneous suspension of amlodipine besylate was prepared for those patients who are not able to swallow the tablets, using ORA-plus/Ora-sweet (1:1) and 1% methylcellulose syrup and stored in 10 plastic dispensing bottles at 4°C and 25°C. The samples were examined using HPLC at different time interval up to 91 days. No detectable change was observed in the prepared suspensions. The suspension showed more stability at 4°C than 25°C (91 days and 56 days respectively) [14]. Lisinopril suspension Oral suspension of lisinopril was prepared using 20 mg commercially available tablets and also studied its photo stability as per ICH guidelines. 1 mg/ml suspension was prepared and analyzed up to 6 weeks at 25°C. Ora-sweet SF and Bicitra were used as a suspending vehicle. The preparation showed maximum physical, chemical and microbial stability for 6 weeks at 25°C and 35% relative humidity [15].