Preons from holography

Our universe is apparently dominated by a vacuum energy/ cosmological constant. The holographic principle then indicates only a finite number of bits of information will ever be available to describe the universe. In that case, the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics based on continuum mathematics with infinite degrees of freedom can only approximate the underlying finite dimensional reality. That raises the question of the relation between SM particles and the bits of information in a holographic description of the universe. This paper outlines a wrapped preon model based on a holographic representation of a closed vacuum-dominated universe. The wrapped preon model suggests the fundamental elements of particle physics are strands rather than point particles, because points can’t be wrapped. The model produces SM particles, and only those particles. As an approximation, SM particles in the wrapped preon model can be identified with preon bound states in non-local dynamics based on three-preon BetheSalpeter equations with instantaneous three-preon interactions.