Submitted to the Journal of Neurophysiology Visual Efference Neuromodulates Retinal Timing: In Vivo Roles of Octopamine, Substance P, Circadian Phase, and Efferent Activation in Limulus Abbreviated title: Visual Efference and Neuromodulation
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چکیده
Acknowledgements: We are particularly indebted for the expert technical assistance we received from Dr. Elwood K. Walls who generously assisted us in developing our in vivo infiltration technique. Several others also supported us in various aspects of this work: Katherine Beck, Vincent Traverso, Ashley Orchard and Crissanka Christadoss provided very useful assistance with data collection. Huiqi Yin, as always, freely gave us her expert technical help and prepared the complex graphical displays presented herein. Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (June 17, 2009). doi:10.1152/jn.91167.2008
منابع مشابه
Visual efference neuromodulates retinal timing: in vivo roles of octopamine, substance P, circadian phase, and efferent activation in Limulus.
Efferent nerves coursing from the brain to the lateral eye of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, increase its nighttime sensitivity to light. They release octopamine, which produces a categorical increase of photoreceptor response duration in vitro. Analogous in vivo timing effects on the electroretinogram (ERG) were demonstrated when octopamine was infiltrated into the eye of an otherwise...
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This magisterial article is concerned with the effects of octopamine modulation on the quantity of activity that occurs in a variety of well-studied model nervous systems. It particularly notes the effects of such neuromodulation on the magnitude of the responses found in the visual system of Limulus, the horseshoe crab. We here wish to note that such neuromodulation also affects the latencies ...
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Octopamine increases the sensitivity of the Limulus lateral eye in situ when injected beneath the cornea during the day. The effect of octopamine is dose-dependent with a threshold concentration of about 0.1 microM injected at 1 microliter/min for 15 min. Injection of 40 microM octopamine increases lateral eye sensitivity to approximately 70% of the nighttime level normally caused by the effere...
متن کاملCircadian rhythms in the Limulus visual system.
A circadian clock in the Limulus brain generates efferent optic nerve activity at night. The endogenous activity begins near dusk, continues during the night, and stops near dawn. Approximately 10 to 20 efferent fibers in each lateral optic nerve trunk fire in close synchrony with one another and with the efferent fibers in the opposite nerve trunk producing bursts of nerve impulses at night. T...
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The purpose of this contribution is to review our current understanding of the source and biochemistry of the circadian efferent input to the eyes of the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus and the impact of this input on the structure, physiology and biochemistry of Limulus eyes. Special emphasis is given to the role of the biogenic amine octopamine and biochemical cascades it activates...
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