Yellow Fever Encephalitis: An Emerging and Resurging Global Public Health Threat in a Changing Environment

Emergence and re-surgence of vector-borne diseases still constitute an important threat to human health in the 21st century, causing over a million death and considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide. Vector-borne diseases are linked to the environment by the ecol‐ ogy of the vectors and of their hosts, including humans. In the recent decades, climate change is a global phenomenon which has greatly influenced the emergence and resurgence of several infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, plague, filariasis, trypanosomia‐ sis, leishmaniasis and arbo-viral diseases, particularly yellow fever. Indeed, arbo-viruses will represent a threat for the coming century too. The resource constrained developing countries are the foremost sufferer and the major victims of several vector-borne diseases [1], including yellow fever.