Marram Grass (ammophila Arenaria) and Coastal Sand Stability in New Zealand

The sand-binding plant Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, commonly known as marram grass, has many characteristics which contribute to its usefulness in the initial stages of stabilisation of coastal sand and account for its selection for this purpose in most temperate countries. Research and experience in New Zealand have demonstrated the success of revegetation programmes based on its use in a planned vegetation succession, culminating in the permanent stabilisation of extensive sand drifts. Except on the seaward face of the current foredune, native sand-binding plants grow less vigorously than A. arenaria. For sites behind the foredune crest, use of A. arenaria offers the most reliable basis for prevention and arrest of sand mobility and the commencement of an effective vegetation succession involving native or exotic plants. Where rabbits have been eliminated from these sites and some degree of sand stability can be established and maintained, native sand dune species would be an appropriate choice for revegetation programmes. Use of A. arenaria as a temporary nurse for other dune species is currently under investigation.