Elucidating patterns of size-dependent predation on larval yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in Lake Michigan: an experimental and modeling approach
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چکیده
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in Lake Michigan have experienced sustained recruitment failure since 1990 as a result of increased mortality during the pelagic larval phase. Increased mortality of larval yellow perch has been tied indirectly to increased alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) predation, but effects of predation on larval survival variability must be better understood. We compared the relative importance of predation by alewife and two other fish predators to larval survival in laboratory experiments and developed an individual-based predation model (IBM) to examine patterns in size-dependent predation vulnerability. Simulations exposing larval perch to predation by all predators suggest that larval mortality resulting from alewife predation is more size-dependent than mortality resulting from the other two predators, and the range of sizes vulnerable to alewife is smaller. Alewife predation may not be an important mortality source for larval yellow perch in Lake Michigan at present because of the narrow range of vulnerable sizes and low densities of larval perch in the open lake. Predation is more likely to be important in smaller, more productive systems where other predators are abundant. Modeling results also indicate IBM analysis of date of hatch distributions of surviving larvae is a valuable tool for identifying factors most important to larval survival. Résumé : Les perchaudes (Perca flavescens) du lac Michigan subissent un échec soutenu de leur recrutement depuis 1990 à cause d’une augmentation de la mortalité durant leur phase larvaire pélagique. La mortalité accrue des larves de perchaude a été reliée à l’augmentation de la prédation par le gaspareau (Alosa pseudoharengus), mais les effets de la prédation sur la variabilité de la survie larvaire doivent être mieux compris. Nous avons comparé l’importance relative de la prédation par le gaspareau et par deux autres poissons prédateurs sur la survie larvaire dans des expériences de laboratoire et nous avons mis au point un modèle de prédation basé sur l’individu (IBM) pour examiner les patrons de vulnérabilité à la prédation en fonction de la taille. Des simulations qui exposent des larves de perchaude à l’ensemble des prédateurs laissent croire que la mortalité larvaire due au gaspareau est plus fonction de la taille que celle due aux deux autres prédateurs et que la gamme des tailles vulnérables au gaspareau est plus étroite. La prédation par le gaspareau peut ne pas être actuellement une cause importante de mortalité chez les larves de perchaude au lac Michigan à cause de la marge réduite des tailles vulnérables et à cause des faibles densités de larves de perchaude dans les eaux du large. La prédation est vraisemblablement plus importante dans les systèmes plus petits et plus productifs où il y a abondance d’autres prédateurs. Les résultats de la modélisation montrent que l’analyse IBM de la date d’éclosion des larves survivantes est un outil précieux pour identifier les facteurs qui sont les plus importants pour la survie des larves. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Fulford et al. 27
منابع مشابه
NOTE Age-0 and Age-1 Yellow Perch Diet in Southeastern Lake Michigan
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