Historical Perspectives on Biodiversity and Geodiversity

Volume 22 • Number 3 (2005) 29 A basic premise of the geodiversity concept recognizes that there is an intrinsic relationship between biological diversity and geological diversity. In principle, the geologic bedrock is viewed as the foundation of the ecosystem. Geologic resources and processes sustain much greater relationships with biotic resources and biosystems than is commonly recognized. These relationships are integrated at the ecosystem, community, species, organism, cellular, and genetic levels. The relationship between biodiversity and geodiversity can be evaluated in modern environments or past environments (paleoenvironments). Gray’s book presents a multitude of examples from around the world demonstrating the inherent relationships and patterns between modern biotic and abiotic resources. Similarly, the fossil record preserves excellent examples of relationships between ancient organisms and paleoenvironments. Research focused on paleoecological changes or trends over time may enable greater understanding of the influences that geologic resources may have exerted over biotic resources in the past. Modern relationships In recent decades the relationships between biodiversity and geodiversity have become more recognized by modern ecologists and natural resource specialists. An increasing number of research publications and conferences focus on the integration of modern “bio-geo systems.” The relationships can be examined at the microscopic through the global levels of resolution. Below are a number of examples of how geologic resources and geodiversity influence biotic resources. Climate. Climate can be influenced locally by geologic features and processes. Mountain ranges can impact wind speeds and directions, as well as form rain shadows. Volcanic eruptions generating large volumes of ash may be transported great distances and influence regional climatic conditions. Hydrology. Hydrology is largely controlled by geology and geomorphology. The distribution of drainages, watersheds, aquifers, seeps, and springs are linked to lithologic and stratigraphic contacts and geomorphic features. Lakes form within Historical Perspectives on Biodiversity and Geodiversity