Smooth maps from clumpy data: generalizations
نویسندگان
چکیده
In a series of papers (??) we studied in detail the statistical properties of an interpolation technique widely used in astronomy. In particular, we considered the average interpolated map and its covariance under the hypotheses that the map is obtained by smoothing unbiased measurements of an unknown field, and that the measurements are uniformly distributed on the sky. In this paper we generalize the results obtained to the case of observations carried out only on a finite field and distributed on the field with a non-uniform density. These generalizations, which are required in many astronomically relevant cases, still allow an exact, analytical solution of the problem. We also consider a number of properties of the interpolated map, and provide asymptotic expressions for the average map and the two-point correlation function which are valid at high densities.
منابع مشابه
Clumpy tori around active galactic nuclei
We discuss the question whether the matter in dusty tori around active galactic nuclei has a smooth or a clumpy structure. Nenkova, Ivezic & Elitzur (2002) have argued that the lack of emission feature in the SEDs of type 1 AGN galaxies combined with a clear absorption feature in type 2 AGN can be explained if the circumnuclear dust is distributed in discrete clumps. Our aim is to verify this. ...
متن کاملSmooth maps from clumpy data: Covariance analysis
Interpolation techniques play a central role in Astronomy, where one often needs to smooth irregularly sampled data into a smooth map. In a previous article (2001AA...373..359L, hereafter Paper I), we have considered a widely used smoothing technique and we have evaluated the expectation value of the smoothed map under a number of natural hypotheses. Here we proceed further on this analysis and...
متن کاملSmooth maps from clumpy data
Abstract. We study an estimator for smoothing irregularly sampled data into a smooth map. The estimator has been widely used in astronomy, owing to its low level of noise; it involves a weight function – or smoothing kernel – w(θ). We show that this estimator is not unbiased, in the sense that the expectation value of the smoothed map is not the underlying process convolved with w, but a convol...
متن کاملThree-dimensional Models of Embedded High-mass Stars: Effects of a Clumpy Circumstellar Medium
We use three-dimensional radiative transfer models to show the effects of clumpy circumstellar material on the observed infrared colors of high-mass stars embedded in molecular clouds. We highlight differences between threedimensional clumpy and one-dimensional smoothmodels that can affect the interpretation of data.We discuss several important properties of the emergent spectral energy distrib...
متن کاملSome results on weakly contractive maps
In this paper direct proofs of some common fixed point results for two and three mappings under weak contractive conditions are given. Some of these results are improved by using different arguments of control functions. Examples are presented showing that some generalizations cannot be obtained and also that our results are distinct from the existing ones.
متن کامل