Ochratoxin A in Cereal Products, Potential Hazards and Prevention strategies: A Review
نویسندگان
چکیده
Mycotoxins are microbial agents which cause food or feed-borne intoxications. Mycotoxins are undesireable compounds often found in cereal grains and forages. Production of mycotoxins is dependent on environmental conditions and agricultural practices. Moisture level ranges between 13% to 18% and temperatures between 20 C and 30 C can increase fungal growth rate during growing seasons as well as during transport and storage. Extensively, mycotoxins are aflatoxins (Afs), ochratoxin A (OTA), Fusraium and Patulin. Ochratoxin is naturally occurring mycotoxin produced by fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium. Family of ochratoxin consist of three member ochratoxin A, B and ochratoxin C. Ochratoxin A is most abundant and most toxic produced mainly by Aspergillus ochraceus, A. carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum. Penicillium verrucosum mainly produced the ochratoxin A in cereals. A. ochraceus is responsible for ochratoxin A production in coffee, grapes and spices. Conclusively, findings of some researchers related to the mycotoxins, their production and concentration especially ochratoxin A in different cereal products and effect of processing on the ochratoxin A contents and its health implication on human health have been reviewed.
منابع مشابه
Food safety implications of ochratoxin A in animal-derived food products.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is an important mycotoxin with potential to reach the human food chain through carry-over of contaminated, mostly cereal-based, feed into animal-derived products. Certain population groups, such as infants and children, are intensive and relatively restricted consumers of some animal-derived products, particularly milk and other dairy products, which may become contaminated w...
متن کاملOchratoxin A in Cow’s Milk Collected from Cattle Farms of Golestan Province
ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Ochratoxin is a fungal toxin produced by Penicillium verrucosum and some Aspergillus species. Ochratoxin is usually found in grains, cereal products and also animal feed of livestock. The aim of this study was to measure the level of Ochratoxin in pasteurized milk samples of Golestan Province, Iran. &nbs...
متن کاملChemical, Physical and Biological Approaches to Prevent Ochratoxin Induced Toxicoses in Humans and Animals
Ochratoxins are polyketide derived fungal secondary metabolites with nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. Ochratoxin-producing fungi may contaminate agricultural products in the field (preharvest spoilage), during storage (postharvest spoilage), or during processing. Ochratoxin contamination of foods and feeds poses a serious health hazard to animals and hum...
متن کاملOchratoxin A in conventional and organic cereal derivatives: a survey of the Italian market, 2001-02.
Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillus ochraceus. Although typically considered a cereal contaminant, it has also been detected in dried fruit, nuts, meat and derivatives. To estimate the quantity of ochratoxin A that might be ingested by Italian consumers from these foods, 211 cereal derivatives (flours and bakery products) were analysed by high-p...
متن کاملBetaine in Cereal Grains and Grain-Based Products.
Betaine is a non-essential nutrient which performs several important physiological functions in organisms. Abundant data exist to suggest that betaine has a potential for prevention of chronic diseases and that its dietary intake may contribute to overall health enhancement. Several studies have pointed out that the betaine status of the general population is inadequate and have suggested nutri...
متن کامل