GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 Genetic Variants in Multiple Urologic Cancers.

INTRODUCTION Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase 2 enzymes responsible for catalyzing the biotransformation of a wide variety of electrophilic compounds, having a crucial role in the detoxification of active metabolites of procarcinogens produced by phase 1 reactions, tying them to glutathione and promoting their excretion in the urine. OBJECTIVES we evaluated GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes in patients diagnosed with multiple malignancies, of which at least one was found in the prostate, bladder or kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes were genetically assessed in 34 patients with multiple urologic cancers and 23 patients with urologic cancer associated with another type of cancer. RESULTS in the group of patients with multiple urologic cancers, GSTT1 null genotype was found in 26.4% of patients compared to 0% in controls, 82.35 % of patients and 47% of witnesses carried at least one GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotype, and in the group with different cancers, GSTM1 null genotype was found in 52.1% of patients compared to 4.3% witnesses in the control group; GSTT1 null genotype was found in 34.7% of patients compared to 4.3% of witnesses, atleast one GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotype was found in 73.9% of patients compared to 8.6% of controls. CONCLUSIONS GSTT1 null genotype is a risk factor for patients with more primitive urologic malignancies (bladder, prostate and kidney); GSTM1 or GSTT1 null genotype is more frequent in patients with multiple urologic tumors; GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are risk factors in patients with different types of cancer, with at least one affecting the urinary system.