Let your body move: electrical muscle stimuli as haptics

MOTIVATION FOR THE TUTORIAL Haptic feedback allows leveraging other faculties such as proprioception instead of using the visual sense, which is often overloaded with traditional UIs. However, most haptic technologies have been away from the current trend in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) which is miniaturization (e.g., mobile, wearable). Therefore haptic techniques, such as force feedback, tend to stay inside labs. In fact, most haptic devices resist miniaturization because they require physical motors and mechanics which do not scale down easily.